Words, phrases and terms...

[tachyon]

The Tau Ceti IX Treaty (more commonly known as the Bounty Hunter Charter)
The Tau Ceti IX Treaty was drawn up to help establish laws and regualtions in regard to the large population of bounty hunters and mercenaries operating in the galaxy. The most commonly quoted segment is Article I, Part IV, which states:
"No contractor who is working with a law enforcement agency, legitimate government or millitary or corporation, or individual, who has an outstanding warrant may be detained, terminated or otherwise while under contract. Furthermore, he/she may not be pursued until a full 24 standard hours after the agreed contract has been fulfiled/ended. During said 24 standard hours he/she may not be detained or delayed, nor their vessel/s impounded, tampered with or denied flight clearance."

[Ash]

Earth Defense Force (EDF) - A group formed to protect mankind from any inhuman threat.To achieve their goals,they dont even flinch from killing innocent people.
Most of the EDF´s members are orphans,who have lost their parents during attacks from inhuman aggressors.
The EDF known that the settled hatred of this children would make them the perfect soldiers..Therefore,they received the best training possible.

Metal-Armor - It took the EDF about 10 years to finish their first prototype armors.A metal-armor increases it´s users strenght,agility,and speed.Every armor got a built-in database,which contains detailed information of weapons,vehicles,flora,fauna and enemys.
The armors helmet features a built-in HUD,which provides the armors user with important informations,status and energy of the armor,damage report,GPS and more.In addition to that,every file contained in the database can be displayed on the HUD.

Wings of light - This system spreads colloid particles,leaving a trail of visible after-images.It also boosts the users reflexes,but due to the mental stress the system can only be activated for a few minutes.If its activated too long,the users mind can take serious damage.

Mass-production Metal-Armor - The production of the metal armors was expensive.Too expensive.Instead of producing more metal-armors.The EDF started to produce armors which can´t keep up with the metal-armors,but still increases the users physical abilities to a superhuman level.
Mass-produced models arent made of the same material as the metal-armors,so the production costs would stay low.

[tachyon]

Austral-Oceanic Federation (AOF)
A country that includes the former nations of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Samoa, Tonga, Solomon Islands, Fiji and New Caledonia. Though one nation, each former country retains its name for historic and cultural reasons. The AOF capital is the former Australian capital city Canberra. Its millitary is a part of the organization Nergal (as previously stated in this thread by aribiterchamp); AOFDF (extra DF is for defence force) soldiers, know as 'diggers', are small in number but are highly trained and have a proud history dating back to the late 19th century. The peoples are a peace-loving lot though, however come rugby season that just goes right out the window (literaly in most cases).

[Machaeus]

Magician's Hernia - what happens when a mage of any sort uses too much mana. Though use of the mana "muscle" improves it, overuse is dangerous, as the improved total mana capacity is halved for the following day.

[Machaeus]

Yrki nithsliga - words in the demon tongue that mean something far worse than "the finger". A common insult amongst hateful creatures like demons, but occasionally used by those who know the language to express extreme distaste for something or someone, be it the person or their actions.

[tachyon]

Jupiter Mining Corporation (JMC)
The JMC is sol's largest mining and astrogeological company, mining minerals from several of Jupiter's, Saturn's, Uranus' and Neptune's moons, as well as laying claim to asteroids in Jupiter's Trojan groups and the Mars-Jupiter asteroid belt. Corporate HQ is located in the city of Asgard (named for the Asgard impact basin in which it is located) on Jupiter's outer-most moon, Callisto. Most of the actual mineral processing is done at Hektor Refinery on the asteroid 624 Hektor at Jupiter's L₄ Lagrange Point.
On a side note, JMC is constantly prank called by fans of the 20^th century TV show Red Dwarf for sharing a name with a fictional organization in the series. It is considered the second worst job within the company to be part of the staff dedicated to handling these idiots (the worst job in the company is a gas miner on Uranus. Not because of anything too dangerous, its just that everyone does a p#ss take on you.).

[Machaeus]

Ego Slaughterer - an alcoholic drink that only the seediest or most experienced bartenders know - asking for one is considered an insult if the bartender doesn't know how to make one. Few know its creation methods, but it has the horrible effect of draining the drinker's mental capacities. Those who survive usually find themselves with a sharper mind than before.

[tachyon]

Khrohal
A planet in the Sirius system, 8.6 light years from earth.
Khrohal is a desert world, scorched by the harsh light of it's twin suns. It is populated by a race of senitents, the Khrohali, with a level of technology relatively equal to that of humans. The Khrohali resemble bipedal anthropomorphic canines.
Khrohal was the site of a bloody civil war between the Khrohali's two main religions; the honorable knights of the Sect of Ahkit, and the bloodthirsty zealots of the Zahn Brotherhood. Despite all odds the Sect of Ahkit held out against the numerically superior Brotherhood, but not without the loss of 600 million lives. It is considered the worst case of ethnic cleansing in history.
Link: Sirius A and it's companion dwarf star Sirius B as they appear from Khrohal's orbit.
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Sirius_A_and_B_artwork.jpg

[tachyon]

Deathwatch
A quasi-legal mercenary organisation based out of New Eden. Deathwatch has a reputation for having the most ruthless, bloodthirsty, destructive and effective members of any merc group or bounty hunter's guild in the galaxy, though they are perhaps not the most subtle as they almost always cause considerable collateral damage. Their sight of their emblem -the winged skull of a Denoberian, knife plunged through the top and surrounded by their motto- has been known to make others flee the battle before the fight has begun. Their current leader is the Denoberian Ulrask Kit'jhec.
"Death is our business; business is good." -motto

[tachyon]

Kantrus
A planet orbiting the yellow dwarf V376 Pegasi, 154 light years from Earth. It is the homeworld of the Denoberians.
Kanturs is a tidally locked world, meaning one side always faces it's sun. It is a mountainous and volcanic world for the most part, though it does possess liquid water melted by volcanoes on the dark, icy side. The only habitable areas are the 'twilight zones', and it is here that the Denoberians evolved. They are humanoid, average height 2.3m with dark purple to black skin, are hairless and both males and females have two large horns growing from the skull though the females are not as broad and more pointed. They posses tolerances to extreme heat and gravity and are an aggressive race.
Denoberians are often employed as bodyguards and mercenaries due to their physical strength.

[tachyon]

Sino-Eurasian Confederacy (SEC)
Китайский-Евразийская Конфедерация (КEК)
The largest nation on Earth, accounting for the former countries of Russia (most notably), Afghanistan Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Though the old Russian Federation was in decline for the latter half of the 20^th century and the first of the 21^st, the discovery of many new oil wells, metal ores and even some previously unknown elements caused a resurgence in the economy. By 2100 Russia was again one of the most prosperous countries in the world, selling it's superior military technology to the world in an effort to help fight the threat represented by the Cluster at that time. Unfortunately in 2134 the president annexed most of the territories that once comprised the Warsaw Pact nations virtually overnight. The resulting war lasted only a month with the president being overthrown by his military in a coup d'état and all nations involved suffering little casualties. However, 4 nations chose to stay a part of the newly formed SEC, citing improved standard of living as the reason.
SEC, though producer of some of the worlds most powerful weaponry, is a peaceful nation with a small standing army. Though, some argue a small army is all they need...